Two-stroke cycle internal-combustion engine



I. C. NLIVlACLAGAN. TWO-STROKE CYCLE INTERNALYCOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 192i.

Patented Nov. 21, 1922/;

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1 C. Nl. MACLAGAN. Two-STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL coMBusTroN ENG|NE.

APFLICATION FILED SEPTv Z3. 1921 Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

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TW-STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed September 23, 1921.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN CAMPBELL MAC- CALI. MACLAGAN, a subject of thel King of (reat Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Drumchapel, Scotland, formerly of 14 Park Corner, Westland Drive. Glasgow, Scotland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Two-Stroke Cycle Intermal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is the specification.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved type of internal 'combustion engine operating upon what is generally' known as the two-stroke cycle, and in which the gases lnove in constant direction through the engine which is thus of uniflow7 type, and further relates to an improved form of double-acting engine unit embodying this characteristic.

`A power nnit made according to the invent1on 1s of the type 1n which there 1s arranged at the outer orcombustion end of the cylinder, a series of inlet and also it mayl be scavenging ports controlled (that is to say covered and uncovered) by the pistonlike combustion head, or by a sleeve, and at the inner end (that end normally adjacent to the crank shaft) a series of exhaust ports controlled by the piston or other part.

According to the invention the cylinder moves synchronously or substantially so with the piston but through a lesser stroke. The ports in this cylinder are in part cont-rolled by the piston and in part by a fixed piston-like combustion head on which the cylinder moves. The cylinder isoperated in the manner set forth'from the crank shaft or other part through any convenient mechanism, inlet and exhaust manifolds moving with the cylinder, and connected in any convenient manner to corresponding stationary members, are provided, while the cylinder may be jacketed for water cooling.

In further carrying out the invention in the case of a double-acting power unit, there is provided a central double-ended piston having a laterally extending gudgeon pm central to its length and at right angles to its axis and supported externally in slipper uides. Gudgeon pin and piston are operated by side connecting-rods to a crank at the end of the unit, the axis of which is at right angles to and cuts the axis of the piston. The piston is embraced by and operates in a cylinder slotted to pass the gudgeon pin and operated to move synchro- Serial No. 502,787.

nously with or substantially so, but with a lesser stroke than the piston by'any convenient mechanism from the crank shaft, for example, byv a link or links operated from a part moving with the piston, or from the crank-shaft or the usual lay shaft, and operating a rocking lever or levers operatively connected to the cylinder and pivoted on a fixed part.

The cylinder embraces and moves upon two stationary piston-like combustion heads.

Inlet-and-scavenging and exhaust ports in the cylinder are controlled respectively by the fixed combustion heads and by the ends of the moving piston. These various ports communicate by way of trunks o1' manifolds with stationary inlet and exhaust casings in which they move.

In the accompanying drawings- Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a single acting explosion engine in which my invention is embodied in one form;

Fig. 2 is a section at right angles thereto;

Figs. 3 and 4 are views corresponding to Figs. 1 and 2, but illustrating the embodiment of the invention in a double acting explosion engine.

In the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, the trunk piston 1 is operated in usual manner by a connecting rod 2 from a crank shaft 3. The piston operates in an explosion cylinder 4 guided at its lower end in the engine framing 5and at its upper end on a fixed combustion head 7 carried on arms 8 supported by pillars 9 from the engine framing. A water-jacket` 6, served by flexible lead and return pipes in any convenient manner, is provided on the cylinder. The cylinder 4 is moved synchronously with the piston 1 by side levers 10 pivoted on the framing, connected by links 11 to trunnion pins 12 on the cylinder and by links 13 toa crosshead 14 on the connecting rod 2. Air inlet and scavenging ports 15 'controlled by the combustion head 7 and served by a manifold 16 are provided at the upper end of the cylinder. The manifold 16, moving with the cylinder telescopes within a stationary manifold 17. Oil-fuel injection apparatus 18 is provided in the combustion head. Exhaust ports 19 controlled by the piston 1,

are formed towards the lower end of thecylinder. These are served by a moving manifold 20 which telescopes within a fixedL manifold 21.

In Figures 3 and 4 is shown an example of a similar engine unit diering only in that it is double acting. In this example the double-ended double-acting piston 1 (which may be Water-cooled in any convenient manner) is operated from the crank shaft 6 by a forked connecting rod `22 which engages a gudgeonA pin 23 carrying the piston 1, passing out through slots 24 in the cylinder Walls and carrying slipper blocks 25 sliding on vertical guides 26 in the engine framing. The explosion cylinder 4 is again moved synchronously with the piston 1 or substantially so by side levers 10, pivoted on the framing, connected by links 11 to trunnion pins 12 on the cylinder, and by connecting-rods 13 with a crank 27 on the usual lay shaft 28. The

cylinder moves upon two fixed combustion heads 7, one at elther end. Two ser-ies of scavenging and air ports 15 are provided at the opposite outer ends of the cylinder. These are served by two moving manifolds 16 telescoping Within a central fixed manifold 17. Similarly, two sets of exhaust port-s 19 controlled by the piston 1, are formed towards the centre of the cylinder. These are served by two moving manifolds 20 telescoping within a fixed manifold 21.

rater-cooling is provided for the various parts requiring it, in any convenient manner.

What I claim is 1. In a two-stroke cycle combustion en1 gine, a fixed cylinder head, a piston, and an explosion cylinder working on said fixed head and on said piston, means for moving extent, andv inlet and exhaust ports in the cylinder controlled respectively by the piston and combustion head.

2. In a. two-stroke cycle combustion engine, a fixed cylinder head, a piston, and an explosion cylinder Working on said fixed head and on said piston, means for moving said cylinder with the piston but to a less extent, and inlet and exhaust ports in the cylinder controlled respectively by the piston and combustion head, said means for moving the cylinder. comprising pivoted side levers, links connecting the same to the cylinder and links connecting said levers to an operating member.

3. In a two-stroke cycle combustion engine, al pair of fixed cylinder heads, a double actin piston, and an explosion cylinder working at its opposite `ends on said fixed cylinder heads, and atan intermediate point upon said piston, means for moving said cylinder with the piston but to a less extent, and two sets of inlet and exhaust ports in the cylinder, the inlet. port being cntrolled byv the fixed cylinder -heads and the exhaust ports by the piston, substantially asv described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

. .JOHN CAMPBELL MACCALL MACLGAN. 

